2D пленки, сформированные из фуллерена C60, углеродных нанотрубок, наноалмазов и полистирольных микросфер, модифицированных данными аллотропными формами углерода тема диссертации и автореферата по ВАК РФ 02.00.06, кандидат химических наук Левачева, Ирина Сергеевна

• Левачева, Ирина Сергеевна
• кандидат химических наук
• 2008

Оглавление диссертации кандидат химических наук Левачева, Ирина Сергеевна

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

1 .ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР

1.1 Синтез и свойства полистирольных микросфер

1.2 Перспективы развития химии аллотропных форм углерода

1.3 Принципы создания сенсорных систем на основе аллотропных форм углерода.

1.4. Перспективные направления синтеза композитных полимерных материалов, содержащих углеродные нанотрубки. 1.5 Получение и свойста 2D пленок аллотропных форм углерода (фуллерена, углеродных нанотрубок и наноалмазов). 2. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ЧАСТЬ

2.1 Объекты исследования

2.2 Методы исследования.

2.2.1. Получение частиц полистирольного латекса методом затравочной полимеризации.

2.2.2. Получение 2D пленок и проведение измерений изотерм зависимости двумерного давления

2.2.3. Исследование морфологии 2D пленок методом Брюстеровской микроскопии.

2.2.4. Перенесение 2D пленок на твердые подложки.

2.2.5. Исследование морфологии перенесенных 2D пленок методом Атомно-силовой Микроскопии.

2.2.6. Исследование состава образца методом ИК-спектроскопии.

2.2.7. Определение размера полимерных микросфер. 86 3. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИХ ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ

3.1 Синтез полимерных микросфер, модифицированных аллотропными формами углерода

3.2 Влияние электролитного состава субфазы на изотермы двумерного давления полимерных микросфер.

3.3 Условия получения изотерм двумерного давления

2D пленок С6о.

3.4 Влияние электролитного состава субфазы на изотермы двумерного давления фуллерена Сбо

3.5. Изотермы двумерного давления 2D пленок углеродных нанотрубок

3.6. Исследование морфологии перенесенных пленок фуллеренов

3.7. Характеристика химического состава поверхности наноалмазов

3.8 Влияние электролитного состава субфазы на изотермы двумерного давления наноалмазов

3.9 Влияние электролитов на параметры 2D пленок полимерных микросфер, модифицированных фуллереном С6о и гидрофобизированными наноалмазами

Введение диссертации (часть автореферата) на тему «2D пленки, сформированные из фуллерена C60, углеродных нанотрубок, наноалмазов и полистирольных микросфер, модифицированных данными аллотропными формами углерода»

Развитие нанотехнологии требует совершенствования методов создания предельно тонких пленок аллотропных форм углерода, таких как фуллерены, нанотрубки и наноалмазы. В идеальных условиях они должны иметь мономолекулярное строение или представлять собой монослой наночастиц. Решение данного вопроса актуально для создания высокоэффективных сенсорных систем, защитных покрытий, катализаторов и адсорбентов. Важным направлением развития химической технологии является использование фуллеренов в качестве активного компонента безопасных аккумуляторов водорода. Эффективность использования аллотропных форм углерода возрастает в форме предельно тонких пленок (2D пленок), в которых удельная поверхность контакта активного компонента с окружающей средой максимальна. Сложности в реализации таких структур заложены в физико-химических свойствах наномерных частиц аллотропных форм углерода. Имея высокие значения избытков свободной энергии на своей поверхности, они склонны к кристаллизации в. случае фуллерена, или агрегации, при использовании углеродных нанотрубок и наноалмазов.

Одним из возможных путей уменьшения степени агрегированности наномерных частиц аллотропных форм углерода является создание электростатического барьера на межфазной границе. Преспективным методом формирования предельно тонких пленок является метод Ленгмюра, в котором пленка образуется на энергетически однородной поверхности и ее параметры могут быть под контролем при получении изотерм двумерного давления. Используя существующие методы Ленгмюр-Блоджетт и Ленгмюр-Шеффера пленки можно переносить на различные твердые носители.

Особый интерес вызывает возможность формирования предельно тонких пленок аллотропных форм углерода на поверхности полистирольных микросфер. Иммобилизации наноразмерных частиц на полимерной поверхности микросфер открывает новые пути их модификации. Такие системы могут рассматриваться в качестве твердого носителя заданной дисперсности и геометрических параметров активного компонента, например, фуллерена. С другой стороны, модификация поверхности полистирольных микросфер тонкой пленкой материала, представляющего собой аллотропную форму углерода, открывает перспективы при дальнейшей переработке полимера и получения максимально однородного распределения компонентов в объеме получаемого изделия.

ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР

Заключение диссертации по теме «Высокомолекулярные соединения», Левачева, Ирина Сергеевна

Выводы

1. Определены условия получения протяженных 2D пленок фуллерена Сбо 5 имеющих практически мономолекулярную структуру с небольшим количеством дефектов.

2. Показано, что добавление электролитов в водную субфазу изменяет параметры изотерм двумерного давления 2D пленок сформированных из фуллерена Сбо> углеродных нанотрубок, наноалмазов, полистирольных микросфер и полистирольных микросфер, модифицированных фуллереном Сбо и гидрофобизированными наноалмазами.

3. Предложен механизм влияния электролитов на структуру 2D пленок на поверхности водной субфазы, содержащих аллотропные формы углерода, заключающийся в создании двойного электрического слоя на поверхности наночастиц углерода, препятствующего агрегации5 частиц.

4. Разработан метод синтеза модифицированных полистирольных микросфер с иммобилизированными на поверхности полимера аллотропными формами углерода (фуллерена Сбо и наноалмазов), имеющих нанометровый размер. Обнаружено увеличение гидрофобизации поверхности полистирольных микросфер * при иммобилизации на них фуллерена Сбо и гидрофобизированных наноалмазов, вызывающей их агрегацию в 2D пленках. Такое изменение характеристики полимерных микросфер может быть частично компенсировано введением электролитов в систему.

5. Показано, что использование в синтезе химически чистого фуллерена Сбо позволяет эффективно проводить процесс модификации полистирольной поверхности, в отличие, от наноалмазов, при использовании которых необходимо проведение предварительной гидрофобизации их поверхности.

6. Использован метод химической модификации поверхности наноалмазов в реакции с диметилдихлорсиланом. Установлены условия проведения синтеза полистирольных микросфер, позволяющие получить равномерное распределение модифицирующего агента по полимерной поверхности.

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